This project aims at developing a workable solution that can be used by owners of PV farms for managing solar intermittencies caused by abrupt weather conditions such as moving clouds, sudden tropical rains, etc. The technologies deployed are matured PV and load forecasting techniques, demand side management considering real-time prices of the National Electricity Market of Singapore (NEMS), and intermittency pricing mechanism which is yet to be implemented in 2020, commercial supervisory control and data acquisition (SCADA) and energy management of distributed lithium-ion storage batteries. Rather than developing the solution from scratch, the approach adopted is to work with industry partners and universities/research institutes by deploying proven commercial solutions which can be adaptable for specific operating scenarios of Singapore PV farms. As the cost of lithium-ion battery storage is still very expensive, the energy management system developed will need to perform a proper cost and benefit analysis for determining the size of the energy storage system. During the real-time control and when managing PV intermittencies, the developed solution algorithm will need to optimize the usage of demand side which includes modifiable EV charging schedule, interruptible loads/backup generators and the charge/discharge of battery storage via real-time cost analysis. The ultimate goal of the project is to lower the cost of operation and maximize the profit for owners of PV farms. A blockchain ready platform is promoted in order to facilitate the peer-to-peer energy trading between the electricity retailers/vendors and customers who participate in the demand side management (DSM). DSM includes modifiable EV charging schedules, interruptible building loads/backup generators, household appliances and possibly customer's battery storage in the future. Through energy trading, customers can satisfy their electricity demand with less cost while contributing to mitigation of intermittencies of PV farms. Upon completion of the proposed project, the following deliverables are generated:

To fulfil test-bedding of different types of intermittency applications for roof-top PV under Singapore's operating environment based on the proposed lithium-ion storage batteries, combined with a highly sophisticated energy management system (EMS) construed as an EMS SCADA. The EMS SCADA shall have capability to execute demand side management so as to control the load profile, as part of the solar intermittency control. To develop standards and guidelines for the deployment of solar and energy storage both at the component and system levels under Singapore's climate conditions.