Introduction

The proposed project focuses on developing a generic and integrated blockchain-supported decentralized market platform to facilitate the secure and transparent electrical energy trading, which can be adapted to country-specific restrictions in terms of infrastructure and regulatory framework. A blockchain supported decentralized market platform allows all members of an electricity network to enter directly into the market and exchange energy with any other members without oversight from a centralized authority. By trading locally energy generated by distributed renewable energy generators between producers, consumers, storage and electric vehicles, exploitation of renewable capacities is maximized, and energy exchange with adjacent grids is minimized. Blockchain applications in energy markets also help to reduce corruption, increase transparency, provide payment platform for energy trading, and support seamless integration of multiple distributed generations, etc. The blockchain technology supports the energy trading by storing the information of transactions in blocks, verifying the validity of transactions by all the nodes in the network, and ensuring the security and privacy of transactions by encrypting them. The design of assembled transactions and short-term balancing contracts based on smart contracts are necessary for energy trading via blockchain. By evaluating available blockchain concepts and restrictions regarding computational power as well as communication infrastructure, a concept featuring frugal requirements and sufficient security is elaborated. Data on transactions is trustworthily encrypted in a blockchain, and cash flows are exchanged in cryptocurrency. Expenses for the operation of the communication and encryption infrastructure are split up among all participants of the market platform. Decentralized clients of a market platform negotiate contracts based on bidding algorithms and schedule individual power flows according to the transactions. In the case of spontaneous deviations, short-term contracts are negotiated, or the balancing group manager ensures adequate provision of power. Industrial/commercial/household consumers, operators of electric cars and grid operators/utilities achieve savings.